We develop and analyze sustainable battery systems, in particular rechargeable aluminum-ion battery systems (AIB), a cost-effective and non-flammable electrical storage system. When using natural graphite as cathode material, we have demonstrated energy densities of 135 Wh/kg based on the active mass. As a high power storage, our AIB can be loaded and unloaded in less than 20 seconds. The process is reversible, and we have demonstrated more than 10.000 cycles with over 95 % charging efficiency in lab cells, with over 85 % energy efficiency. We manufacture single and multi-layer pouch cells with a capacity of up to 150 mAh, which achieve more than 2000 cycles at a charging rate of up to 10 C. The current performance of the AIB is already comparable to lead-acid batteries. This means that AIBs have great potential for stationary and hybrid mobile applications, e.g., for grid stabilization or an uninterruptible power supply.
Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB